I have seen providers be deactivated. Could be for a couple reasons, one being if no claim was processed for them within a 1 yr period. Another is if they don't respond to the revalidation request. In your case, yes address change will definitely prompt a quick deactivation. If you look at any envelope from Medicare or DMERC it says "DO NOT FORWARD" and yes it's to prevent fraud. Medicare requires that a provider notify them of ANY changes, including address change, within 30 days of the change.
In any case the amount of time to get reactivated varies depending on the MAC and what's happening. I have seen them go through in 8 weeks and I've seen them go as long as 6 months. Usually with a reactivation, if you respond quickly, no time is lost. They simply reactivate the number and there is no period where the provider is not enrolled. However, if too much time passes between the deactivation and the submission of the form to request reactivation, then money can be lost.